Learn More About Acids, Bases, and Salts

IBYXO - Getting to know more about Acids, Bases, and Salts, in our daily lives we are never separated from the properties of objects and things that occur around us, of course this has become the most important part of every living thing.

Some of the properties that will be discussed here may often be encountered or even become commonplace for us such as Acids, Bases, and Salts which will be discussed this time.

Getting to Know the Properties of Acids, Bases, and Salts

A. Acid

Young fruits generally taste sour, actually the sour taste found in fruits is due to the chemicals contained in them which are commonly called acids. Chemically, acid is a substance that in water can produce hydrogen ions, the acid will ionize into hydrogen ions and negatively charged residual acid ions, in everyday life there are certainly some acids that we encounter as follows.

• Acetic Acid (found in vinegar solution)
• Ascorbic Acid (Found in oranges, tomatoes, and vegetables)
• Citric Acid (Found in oranges)
• Carbonic Acid (Found in carbonated drinks)
• Hydrochloric Acid (Found in stomach acid & eye drops)

B. Bases

Bases are substances that in water can produce hydroxide ions which are formed because hydroxide compounds can bind one electron when put into water, some of which are often found below.

• Aluminum Hydroxide (found in deodorants & antacids)
• Calcium Hydroxide (Found in Mortar & Plaster)
• Magnesium Hydroxide (Found in deodorants & antacids)
• Sodium Hydroxuda (Found in soap ingredients)

C. Salt

Salt is a compound formed from the reaction of acids and bases. We often use salt for or as a food flavoring commonly called table salt (NaC1) which is obtained from sea water by evaporation and crystallization, the salt obtained is then processed iodization (potassium salt, KI) into iodized salt.

The process of obtaining salt Acid (HC1) + Base (NaOH) becomes Kitchen salt (NaC1) + Water (H²O), several chemical reactions that can produce salt:

• Base + Oxide Acid produces Salt + Water
• Acid + Oxide Base produces Salt + Water
• Oxide of Acid + Oxide of Base produces Salt
• Metal + Acid produces Salt + H2

Identification of Acids, Bases, and Salts

Based on the Nature of Acids and Bases, solutions are divided into 3 groups, namely acidic, basic, and neutral, the nature of the solution can be shown using acid-base indicators or so-called dyes that produce different colors in acidic and basic solutions, how to determine it simply by using litmus paper, indicator solutions or natural solutions.

Determination of Acidity and Basicity Scale

Generally, all acids and bases have certain properties. For example, some acids are used for medicine such as eye drops or taken by mouth, but there are also acids that can damage skin tissue and metals. Bases also have certain properties, for example when using toothpaste to clean teeth and remove bad breath, whereas sodium hydroxide is used for drain cleaning and is harmful if exposed to the skin.

The number of Hydrogen ions in water is used to determine the nature of the degree of acidity or freedom of a substance, the more the substance has high acidity, the more hydrogen ions are present in the water. Whereas the higher the basicity present in the substance, the more Hydroxide ions are present in the water.

To determine the price of pH and pOH, it is common to use universal indicators that can show various colors for each pH.

Universal indicators are equipped with color discs, so that the color and reaction results can be determined by matching the color, pH meters can also be used to determine the acidity or basicity of a substance.

Universal indicators are a mixture of various acid and base indicators that can change color every pH unit, there are two kinds of universal indicators used in the form of solutions and paper. Universal indicator solution, if included in a solution that is acidic, basic or salt that has a different pH will give different colors as well. While paper universal indicators are used to determine the nature of acids, bases or salts by dipping the paper into the solution we want to know the pH, then the color that appears is matched with the standard color disc contained in the indicator package.

Solutions are neutral if pH = 7, solutions are acidic if pH < 7, and solutions are alkaline if pH > 7.

Thus the explanation of Acids, Bases, and Salts, you can use the above explanation as a reference or other things even though there are still a lot of things that have not been explained.